Because I have been quite busy being "nanny" to my two year old granddaughter and helping her and my daughter move in with us, the last few months, I have not had the time to write and post additional articles that I might have liked (if I didn't Trust that God's timing is Perfect). So I have reprinted one of my early articles below that I think is particularly useful & important for study. There are several others I will likely reprint soon? also:)
Still Rejoicing for All, June
Tuesday, March 22, 2016
1,500 YEARS OF MISTRANSLATION AND MISINTERPRETATION
So many key words and phrases in the translations of the Bible since the dark ages do not carry the meaning that was present in the original languages (Hebrew – Old Testament; Greek – New Testament).
Historically and currently they have been translated with the prejudice toward the expectation of a punitive, exclusionary god. To understand the original message of the Bible, it is important to not only take into consideration “the full counsel of the scriptures” (rather than taking passages or words in isolation), but to go to the meanings in the original language with translation and interpretation using first, God’s nature/character, and then the necessary ripples from that nature and character to His plan and purposes for man and for the entire of His creation.
To more clearly understand the scriptures without the prejudices of translators since the dark ages clouding the original meaning, it is of utmost importance to go to the original languages – Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT). This is particularly important for the word “hell”, which has been sorely mistranslated and misinterpreted, likely for at least 1500 years. There is only one Hebrew word in the OT - “Sheol” – that has been translated as “hell”, and has an original meaning completely different than the interpretations that have been historically attached to it.
The 3 words in the New Testament that have been (mis)translated and further misinterpreted as “hell” in the Greek are: 1) Hades; 2) Gehenna; 3) Tartarus.
PLEASE take special note below of the actual meaning of the words in the original languages which are listed below as part of a larger glossary of important words/phrases.
Important (poorly translated and interpreted) words and phrases in OT Hebrew:
Sheol – meaning ONLY the grave, pit or hidden place
Olam – The Hebrew word “olam” literally means "beyond the horizon" and signifies only an indefinite period of time, dependent on what it is referring to but often mistranslated as “eternal”. Example: Jonah was in the body of the whale 3 days (Olam time period)
YHWH – I AM Always AM; I AM Who has Always Existed. (in Hebrew, the letters used for God’s name were “breath sounds”. Likely misinterpreted as that YHWH was too “holy” to utter – but instead being synonymous with the sound of breathing – the spirit of God being similar in function to wind and breath, parallel references to this being substantiated in numerous places in both the Old and New Testaments.
UNFORTUNATELY, in almost all translations since the original Hebrew, the actual name with which God identified Himself to Moses (Exodus 3: 13-15) as a “memorial name (nature/character)" to the people of Israel, was taken out of the translations, and the word “LORD” (in capital letters), was put in its place throughout the Old Testament, stripping it of the meaning that God Himself assigned to it.
Using His "memorial name", God defined many "nuances" of His nature to the Israelites: I AM Always AM: Your Strong Tower, Your Banner, Your Provider, Your Healer, Your Shepherd, Your Righteousness, Your Peace, Your Light, Your Savior, Your Rock, and I AM Always AM There - As well as many others.
Shm - In Hebrew: the word shm means “Name” – and signifies, not primarily the verbal letters making up a “name”, but the nature/character/essence of someone/something. Hence, God’s “name” was not just the verbal word assigned to Him, it was a specific representation of His essence that translators have consistently stripped away by substituting the word LORD rather than the actual “Name” that God communicated of “I AM Always AM”. Even most "literal" translations, that support Universal Reconciliation/Universal Salvation, generally continue this sad substitution.
Similarly, in the New Testament, when we are enjoined to pray in the "name" of Jesus, it does not mean to simply mention his verbal name at the end of the prayer: "in the name of Jesus". It means more accurately praying in HIS NATURE/CHARACTER...a very different meaning! "Whatever you ask, ask it in my nature/character ." Hmmmm...quite a higher standard and meaning.
Important (poorly translated/interpreted) words and phrases in NT Greek:
Hades – The first word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is consistent with the OT “Sheol”, meaning only the grave, pit or hidden place; the word Hades, a word that was borrowed by the translators from Greek mythology, with the implications of a conscious afterlife in an "underworld" that the word "Sheol" never conveyed.
Gehenna/Ge Hinnon (the Valley of Hinnon) – The second word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is Gehenna and refers to the Valley of Hinnon that was the dumpsite outside of Jerusalem where the garbage was burned. Matthew 5: 21-22 “…anyone who says [to his brother], ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehenna [the local trash dump]”. To understand this accurately, it is important to look at many references to “fire” in the scriptures, and what God’s/Christ’s intent is in putting us through “fire” in this lifetime. “Our God is a consuming fire”; “the refiner’s fire”; “I have refined, though not as silver; I have tested (purified, chosen, placed you in) the furnace of affliction.” Isaiah 48:10 (There are numerous other scriptures supportive of this interpretation). Another event correlating to the "refiner's fire" but with another analogy was between Jesus and Peter, regarding Peter's upcoming denial "a cock will not crow today before you deny me three times": in Luke 22:31 Jesus says to Peter “Satan has asked for you, to sift you as wheat..."ie putting the person in a situation that will be used to separate the worthless chaff from the useful and valuable core of the wheat.
I believe an excellent case can be made that this life, is “the Valley of the Shadow of Death”and is indeed the “burning dump” that ALL of us must experience in order to be “refined”, and come out on the other end in the image of our God and Savior.
Tartarus – the third word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is a word in Greek described in (2 Peter 2:4) "For if God did not spare the angels who "missed the mark" ["sinned"/rebelled] but committed to chains of gloomy darkness (not necessarily physical darkness or conscious awareness), thrust them down into Tartarus to be kept until/toward the "judgement" (“krino” - His righteous, fair, loving, decision - the more accurate literal meaning for the word, "judgement"). And 1 Peter 3: 18-19 "Because even Christ once suffered concerning "missing the mark" (poor translation - "sins") , the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God. Indeed being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit in which also, going in to the spirits in prison He then proclaimed to disobeying ones." And Ephesians 4:7-10 "But to each one of us was given grace ("free gift") according to the measure of the gift of Christ. Therefore, He says, 'Having gone up on high, He led captivity captive and gave gifts to men.' - but what is it except that He also first came down into the lower parts of the earth?" Taking the scriptures along with the God's repeatedly stated intent and purpose: "I will accomplish all my good pleasure." "My servant will accomplish ?all for which I sent Him." "God is not willing that any should perish." it appears that during the three days in the grave, Jesus "descended" and brought the spirits who had rebelled [fallen angels] into heaven when he "ascended", applying His completed work to them also.
Apollumi - From the Greek preposition, apo meaning, “away from” plus the Greek word for whole, entire, complete, ‘olos or literally: completely away from. Often variations of this word have been historically translated as: to destroy or be destroyed; to kill, be killed or perish. But the same word can also be translated as: set aside, bring to nothing, tear down, cause to stumble or stumble, to make weak, to be lost/stray, to ruin or bring to ruin, waste.
An example of the lost/stray use is: Luke 19:10 “For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which is lost.” (apollumi)
Similarly: Apoluo: As above, from the Greek preposition apo, meaning “away from” plus the Greek word luo meaning “I loose, untie, release, set free” is a similar word that has also often been historically translated as “destroy”
For additional insight into another use of the preposition apo it is also may be useful to consider the word aspostello, (apo plus stello), meaning “I send out” from which the word apostellos is derived, which is historically translated as “apostles” – often referring to the twelve apostles. So, it can be seen that being sent “away from” or “out” may have positive meanings, including when being sent “away from” for a time is part of the “refining” and building process and NOT necessarily a destructive process. Even combined with the word aionian, which has been frequently mistranslated, with great harm, as “eternal” but is literally “for a time” – and only when it modifies a noun that is without beginning or end – only God ((I AM Always AM) and life in Him does it mean without beginning or end (see discussion of aionian below).
Aion/aionian – Consistently mistranslated as “eternal” from the original Greek. Literally meaning “age-long” or “time lasting” and is an article similar to “olam” in the OT, referring to an indefinite time period, dependent for its meaning on what noun or situation it modifies. Example: So if aionian refers to God, whose nature is unending, aionian derives from the nature of the noun, God, and does mean ETERNAL God, but only since God’s nature is eternal. But if the adjective modifies a word whose nature is other than eternal, it is a specified, limited time period, based on the noun and context.
Kolasis – Most often mistranslated as “punishment”, the Greek root of "kolasis" means "cutting off," as in pruning a tree. One prunes a tree to make it PRODUCE MORE FRUIT, not to kill it!
Aionian kolasis – In the KJV and many other translations – mistakenly translated “eternal punishment”. The most direct translation would be related to “kolasis” above and accurately translated as “pruning for a time” again to bear more fruit! What a difference accurate translation from the original languages makes!!!
Krino – to decide; to separate; to make a distinction between (one option versus another option); to determine. In translations after the original Greek the word generally was translated as “judgement” and acquired the negative connotation of a “negative” judgement/decision, rather than the actual meaning of an issue being “decided” – having neither positive nor negative inference as to what the decision would be/was.
Kurios – Owner, master, sovereign, supreme ruler, potentate, lord. This word has also been diluted when translated as “LORD” in the New Testament to which we have come to attach primarily the idea of deity (which it did not have in the original language) rather than authority. A helpful historical context would be that in Feudal times, the “lord” of the land was the “owner” and “master” with absolute and ultimate authority over his possessions – NOT the deity of the possession. Try out replacing the word “LORD” with the word “Owner” in the scriptures that use it and see how much more power it has.
Kakos – Generally translated as “evil”, having picked up a much more negative connotation than exists in the original Greek word which means: Of poor quality or disposition, worthless, suffering, misery, affliction (r/t illness, sickness, trouble, and calamity)
Pisteuo – The Greek word translated as “faith”, is derived from the Greek root word, “peitho”, literally “I persuade”, wonderfully putting the responsibility for our being “persuaded” to trust God and act on that trust where it belongs – on God Himself. “…Jesus (I AM Saves), the author and finisher of our faith.” Hebrews 12:2; “The true light that gives light to every man coming into the world.” John 1:9; John 3:16 …”whoever is persuaded into me will not remain untied/unloosed but have eternal life.”
Eis – into (as opposed to the Greek word en – meaning inside of, within).
Helkouo – to drag (with sufficient force that whatever is being “dragged” is unable to resist that force). Often translated as "draw", which does not have the strength and irresistibility of the actual Greek word.
Pur, puros – fire. “but I say to you anyone who says to his brother “Fool” (better translated as "Worthless") will be in danger of the fire of Ge Hinnon (Valley of Hinnon, the trash dump outside of Jerusalem – and earlier site of sacrifice of their children, which God later Forbid).” Matthew 5: 22 Does it make sense that Jesus would use the term Ge Hinnon to warn that God’s children would be eternally “sacrificed” OR that he warned of the refining process that would be necessary for everyone since “there is none righteous, no not one” (except for Jesus who was God incarnate into human flesh).
Peirasmon - "tested/tried" - Referring to the process used by goldsmiths of placing the ore into the crucible and heating it to cause the impurities to be burned away…until the goldsmith can see his own image in the purified gold. Incorrectly translated as “tempted” in the “Lord’s Prayer” Matthew 6:13. And in many scriptures as “tormented”, etc. Similar to the Greek, doikimos, also meaning "brought to proof, tested for purity, assayed" and also poorly translated as "tempted", "trials", and even "tormented", etc.
Psuche – life of the individual, self, soul; this is the mortal “personhood”, mind, personality and should NOT be confused with the Greek word, “pneuma” meaning spirit/breath. We get our English word "psychology" from this word - the study of the mind.
Soma – the physical body
'Agios - generally left in most translations from the King James version as "holy" rather than going to the literal original meaning in the Greek: "set apart for special use" and the traditional translation of 'agion as "saints" rather than as "set apart ones. So, when something is (traditional word) "holy" as in "holy ground" "holy scriptures/writings", "holy ones" it is only saying that God has set something apart for a "special" or "unique" purpose. AND when we see this as "Holy God", who is completely "set apart" and "unique" from ALL of His creation, we understand the word and implication, rather than the traditional mistranslation that seems to endow the thing that it modified with special righteousness or goodness, which is NOT included in the word. Therefore EACH of us is "holy" since each of us are "set apart" and "unique" for the special purpose that God has for EACH of us as His individual tool. And, similarly, each of us are "saints" - not inferring special privilege or powers or approval, but only meaning that we are "unique/set apart" from each of His other tools in the purpose He has ordained for each of us.
Kosmos –world; universe
Tetelestai – Jesus last words on the cross before giving up his spirit/breath. “It is finished/perfected/completed/repaid” John 19:30
I am not an expert in the Hebrew or Greek languages, but I have studied for many years and have found that, even with an elementary understanding, a Greek lexicon, an Interlinear English-Hebrew-Greek Bible, the God that I hoped might be there is there in the words of the original languages. In other posts I hope to expand on some of the specific words, phrases, concepts, doctrines and "parables" that would seem to indicate other than an ordained perfect joyful eternal ending for ALL humanity!...And additional resources that you may find helpful.
Historically and currently they have been translated with the prejudice toward the expectation of a punitive, exclusionary god. To understand the original message of the Bible, it is important to not only take into consideration “the full counsel of the scriptures” (rather than taking passages or words in isolation), but to go to the meanings in the original language with translation and interpretation using first, God’s nature/character, and then the necessary ripples from that nature and character to His plan and purposes for man and for the entire of His creation.
GLOSSARY OF KEY WORDS AND PHRASES FROM THE ORIGINAL HEBREW AND GREEK
To more clearly understand the scriptures without the prejudices of translators since the dark ages clouding the original meaning, it is of utmost importance to go to the original languages – Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT). This is particularly important for the word “hell”, which has been sorely mistranslated and misinterpreted, likely for at least 1500 years. There is only one Hebrew word in the OT - “Sheol” – that has been translated as “hell”, and has an original meaning completely different than the interpretations that have been historically attached to it.
The 3 words in the New Testament that have been (mis)translated and further misinterpreted as “hell” in the Greek are: 1) Hades; 2) Gehenna; 3) Tartarus.
PLEASE take special note below of the actual meaning of the words in the original languages which are listed below as part of a larger glossary of important words/phrases.
Important (poorly translated and interpreted) words and phrases in OT Hebrew:
Sheol – meaning ONLY the grave, pit or hidden place
Olam – The Hebrew word “olam” literally means "beyond the horizon" and signifies only an indefinite period of time, dependent on what it is referring to but often mistranslated as “eternal”. Example: Jonah was in the body of the whale 3 days (Olam time period)
YHWH – I AM Always AM; I AM Who has Always Existed. (in Hebrew, the letters used for God’s name were “breath sounds”. Likely misinterpreted as that YHWH was too “holy” to utter – but instead being synonymous with the sound of breathing – the spirit of God being similar in function to wind and breath, parallel references to this being substantiated in numerous places in both the Old and New Testaments.
UNFORTUNATELY, in almost all translations since the original Hebrew, the actual name with which God identified Himself to Moses (Exodus 3: 13-15) as a “memorial name (nature/character)" to the people of Israel, was taken out of the translations, and the word “LORD” (in capital letters), was put in its place throughout the Old Testament, stripping it of the meaning that God Himself assigned to it.
Using His "memorial name", God defined many "nuances" of His nature to the Israelites: I AM Always AM: Your Strong Tower, Your Banner, Your Provider, Your Healer, Your Shepherd, Your Righteousness, Your Peace, Your Light, Your Savior, Your Rock, and I AM Always AM There - As well as many others.
Shm - In Hebrew: the word shm means “Name” – and signifies, not primarily the verbal letters making up a “name”, but the nature/character/essence of someone/something. Hence, God’s “name” was not just the verbal word assigned to Him, it was a specific representation of His essence that translators have consistently stripped away by substituting the word LORD rather than the actual “Name” that God communicated of “I AM Always AM”. Even most "literal" translations, that support Universal Reconciliation/Universal Salvation, generally continue this sad substitution.
Similarly, in the New Testament, when we are enjoined to pray in the "name" of Jesus, it does not mean to simply mention his verbal name at the end of the prayer: "in the name of Jesus". It means more accurately praying in HIS NATURE/CHARACTER...a very different meaning! "Whatever you ask, ask it in my nature/character ." Hmmmm...quite a higher standard and meaning.
Important (poorly translated/interpreted) words and phrases in NT Greek:
Hades – The first word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is consistent with the OT “Sheol”, meaning only the grave, pit or hidden place; the word Hades, a word that was borrowed by the translators from Greek mythology, with the implications of a conscious afterlife in an "underworld" that the word "Sheol" never conveyed.
Gehenna/Ge Hinnon (the Valley of Hinnon) – The second word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is Gehenna and refers to the Valley of Hinnon that was the dumpsite outside of Jerusalem where the garbage was burned. Matthew 5: 21-22 “…anyone who says [to his brother], ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehenna [the local trash dump]”. To understand this accurately, it is important to look at many references to “fire” in the scriptures, and what God’s/Christ’s intent is in putting us through “fire” in this lifetime. “Our God is a consuming fire”; “the refiner’s fire”; “I have refined, though not as silver; I have tested (purified, chosen, placed you in) the furnace of affliction.” Isaiah 48:10 (There are numerous other scriptures supportive of this interpretation). Another event correlating to the "refiner's fire" but with another analogy was between Jesus and Peter, regarding Peter's upcoming denial "a cock will not crow today before you deny me three times": in Luke 22:31 Jesus says to Peter “Satan has asked for you, to sift you as wheat..."ie putting the person in a situation that will be used to separate the worthless chaff from the useful and valuable core of the wheat.
I believe an excellent case can be made that this life, is “the Valley of the Shadow of Death”and is indeed the “burning dump” that ALL of us must experience in order to be “refined”, and come out on the other end in the image of our God and Savior.
Tartarus – the third word in the New Testament translated as "hell" is a word in Greek described in (2 Peter 2:4) "For if God did not spare the angels who "missed the mark" ["sinned"/rebelled] but committed to chains of gloomy darkness (not necessarily physical darkness or conscious awareness), thrust them down into Tartarus to be kept until/toward the "judgement" (“krino” - His righteous, fair, loving, decision - the more accurate literal meaning for the word, "judgement"). And 1 Peter 3: 18-19 "Because even Christ once suffered concerning "missing the mark" (poor translation - "sins") , the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God. Indeed being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit in which also, going in to the spirits in prison He then proclaimed to disobeying ones." And Ephesians 4:7-10 "But to each one of us was given grace ("free gift") according to the measure of the gift of Christ. Therefore, He says, 'Having gone up on high, He led captivity captive and gave gifts to men.' - but what is it except that He also first came down into the lower parts of the earth?" Taking the scriptures along with the God's repeatedly stated intent and purpose: "I will accomplish all my good pleasure." "My servant will accomplish ?all for which I sent Him." "God is not willing that any should perish." it appears that during the three days in the grave, Jesus "descended" and brought the spirits who had rebelled [fallen angels] into heaven when he "ascended", applying His completed work to them also.
Apollumi - From the Greek preposition, apo meaning, “away from” plus the Greek word for whole, entire, complete, ‘olos or literally: completely away from. Often variations of this word have been historically translated as: to destroy or be destroyed; to kill, be killed or perish. But the same word can also be translated as: set aside, bring to nothing, tear down, cause to stumble or stumble, to make weak, to be lost/stray, to ruin or bring to ruin, waste.
An example of the lost/stray use is: Luke 19:10 “For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which is lost.” (apollumi)
Similarly: Apoluo: As above, from the Greek preposition apo, meaning “away from” plus the Greek word luo meaning “I loose, untie, release, set free” is a similar word that has also often been historically translated as “destroy”
For additional insight into another use of the preposition apo it is also may be useful to consider the word aspostello, (apo plus stello), meaning “I send out” from which the word apostellos is derived, which is historically translated as “apostles” – often referring to the twelve apostles. So, it can be seen that being sent “away from” or “out” may have positive meanings, including when being sent “away from” for a time is part of the “refining” and building process and NOT necessarily a destructive process. Even combined with the word aionian, which has been frequently mistranslated, with great harm, as “eternal” but is literally “for a time” – and only when it modifies a noun that is without beginning or end – only God ((I AM Always AM) and life in Him does it mean without beginning or end (see discussion of aionian below).
Aion/aionian – Consistently mistranslated as “eternal” from the original Greek. Literally meaning “age-long” or “time lasting” and is an article similar to “olam” in the OT, referring to an indefinite time period, dependent for its meaning on what noun or situation it modifies. Example: So if aionian refers to God, whose nature is unending, aionian derives from the nature of the noun, God, and does mean ETERNAL God, but only since God’s nature is eternal. But if the adjective modifies a word whose nature is other than eternal, it is a specified, limited time period, based on the noun and context.
Kolasis – Most often mistranslated as “punishment”, the Greek root of "kolasis" means "cutting off," as in pruning a tree. One prunes a tree to make it PRODUCE MORE FRUIT, not to kill it!
Aionian kolasis – In the KJV and many other translations – mistakenly translated “eternal punishment”. The most direct translation would be related to “kolasis” above and accurately translated as “pruning for a time” again to bear more fruit! What a difference accurate translation from the original languages makes!!!
Krino – to decide; to separate; to make a distinction between (one option versus another option); to determine. In translations after the original Greek the word generally was translated as “judgement” and acquired the negative connotation of a “negative” judgement/decision, rather than the actual meaning of an issue being “decided” – having neither positive nor negative inference as to what the decision would be/was.
Kurios – Owner, master, sovereign, supreme ruler, potentate, lord. This word has also been diluted when translated as “LORD” in the New Testament to which we have come to attach primarily the idea of deity (which it did not have in the original language) rather than authority. A helpful historical context would be that in Feudal times, the “lord” of the land was the “owner” and “master” with absolute and ultimate authority over his possessions – NOT the deity of the possession. Try out replacing the word “LORD” with the word “Owner” in the scriptures that use it and see how much more power it has.
Kakos – Generally translated as “evil”, having picked up a much more negative connotation than exists in the original Greek word which means: Of poor quality or disposition, worthless, suffering, misery, affliction (r/t illness, sickness, trouble, and calamity)
Pisteuo – The Greek word translated as “faith”, is derived from the Greek root word, “peitho”, literally “I persuade”, wonderfully putting the responsibility for our being “persuaded” to trust God and act on that trust where it belongs – on God Himself. “…Jesus (I AM Saves), the author and finisher of our faith.” Hebrews 12:2; “The true light that gives light to every man coming into the world.” John 1:9; John 3:16 …”whoever is persuaded into me will not remain untied/unloosed but have eternal life.”
Eis – into (as opposed to the Greek word en – meaning inside of, within).
Helkouo – to drag (with sufficient force that whatever is being “dragged” is unable to resist that force). Often translated as "draw", which does not have the strength and irresistibility of the actual Greek word.
Pur, puros – fire. “but I say to you anyone who says to his brother “Fool” (better translated as "Worthless") will be in danger of the fire of Ge Hinnon (Valley of Hinnon, the trash dump outside of Jerusalem – and earlier site of sacrifice of their children, which God later Forbid).” Matthew 5: 22 Does it make sense that Jesus would use the term Ge Hinnon to warn that God’s children would be eternally “sacrificed” OR that he warned of the refining process that would be necessary for everyone since “there is none righteous, no not one” (except for Jesus who was God incarnate into human flesh).
Peirasmon - "tested/tried" - Referring to the process used by goldsmiths of placing the ore into the crucible and heating it to cause the impurities to be burned away…until the goldsmith can see his own image in the purified gold. Incorrectly translated as “tempted” in the “Lord’s Prayer” Matthew 6:13. And in many scriptures as “tormented”, etc. Similar to the Greek, doikimos, also meaning "brought to proof, tested for purity, assayed" and also poorly translated as "tempted", "trials", and even "tormented", etc.
Psuche – life of the individual, self, soul; this is the mortal “personhood”, mind, personality and should NOT be confused with the Greek word, “pneuma” meaning spirit/breath. We get our English word "psychology" from this word - the study of the mind.
Soma – the physical body
'Agios - generally left in most translations from the King James version as "holy" rather than going to the literal original meaning in the Greek: "set apart for special use" and the traditional translation of 'agion as "saints" rather than as "set apart ones. So, when something is (traditional word) "holy" as in "holy ground" "holy scriptures/writings", "holy ones" it is only saying that God has set something apart for a "special" or "unique" purpose. AND when we see this as "Holy God", who is completely "set apart" and "unique" from ALL of His creation, we understand the word and implication, rather than the traditional mistranslation that seems to endow the thing that it modified with special righteousness or goodness, which is NOT included in the word. Therefore EACH of us is "holy" since each of us are "set apart" and "unique" for the special purpose that God has for EACH of us as His individual tool. And, similarly, each of us are "saints" - not inferring special privilege or powers or approval, but only meaning that we are "unique/set apart" from each of His other tools in the purpose He has ordained for each of us.
Kosmos –world; universe
Tetelestai – Jesus last words on the cross before giving up his spirit/breath. “It is finished/perfected/completed/repaid” John 19:30
June
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